Unmasking the Causes of Stomach Cancer in Vietnam: From HP Infection to Environmental Factors and Lifestyle Habits

Stomach cancer is the 5th most common type of cancer in Vietnam, with over 16,270 new cases reported according to Globocan in 2022. Dr. Vu Truong Khanh, Head of Gastroenterology Department at Tam Anh Ha General Hospital Noi, stated that there are numerous factors that contribute to an increased risk of stomach cancer, with three factors having the most significant impact.

One of the main causes of stomach cancer is infection with Helicobacter Pylori (HP) bacteria. HP infection can lead to diseases like chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcers, and stomach cancer. Stomach lesions formed by this bacteria can develop over many years, and the infection can take more than three decades to show symptoms. HP bacteria can be spread through sharing utensils, direct contact like kissing, and communal eating and drinking. The bacteria can survive in the acidic environment of the human stomach, it can even be transmitted during endoscopic procedures in unofficial medical facilities.

Vietnam has a high rate of HP infection, but not everyone infected will develop stomach cancer. In addition to HP infection, environmental factors and living habits play a significant role in the development of stomach cancer. Factors like dietary choices, smoking, working in environments with harmful agents, and genetic mutations inherited from parents can all contribute to an increased risk of stomach cancer.

To mitigate the risk of stomach cancer, individuals are encouraged to receive regular screenings especially those aged 45 and above and with other risk factors. Developing healthy habits such as maintaining a balanced diet