Green Infrastructure and Technology: China’s Key to Peak Carbon and Carbon Neutralization by 2060

In the early 2010s, China faced a crisis with heavy smog and PM 2.5 pollution causing widespread respiratory illnesses. This prompted a shift towards greener growth as a clear policy priority in the second half of the decade, resulting in a significant reduction in pollution levels and carbon intensity over the past ten years. The long-term goals of greener growth in China are to reach Peak Carbon by 2030 and achieve full carbon neutralization by 2060. To achieve this, the country will need to make substantial investments in green infrastructure and technology, estimated to be around USD 14-17 trillion by the World Bank.

Despite receiving praise for its green development efforts, China has faced criticism for its industrial policies leading to overcapacity and export dumping in global markets. This has resulted in industry consolidation and the failure of many companies, with the solar industry in the 2010s being a notable example. There are concerns that the New Energy Vehicle (NEV) industry may face similar challenges, raising questions about fair competition and the fate of struggling companies. However, from a broader perspective, China’s approach to promoting green industries remains effective in positioning the country competitively in key future sectors. While there may be issues along the way, the focus on greener growth is essential for China’s sustainable development and global leadership in the green economy.